Deviations from the ideal gear geometries and unfavorable deformations during the operation may cause serious defects called interference. Conjugate action should be maintained, which does not happen during interference. Due to this, tip of one tooth of the gear will tend to dig in to the portions of the flank of the tooth of the other member of the pair, weakening the teeth. While generation of the gear teeth, if there is interference of the cutter, then a recess is cut at the root of the tooth. The profile thus generated deviates from the theoretical tooth profile. The removal of the material at the root of the gear tooth results in undercutting, which weakens the spur gear tooth. So to reduce the interference and undercutting the profile modification or profile shift or addendum modification should be used. In this work, at the outset, a C-PROGRAM is created for the development of the standard spur gear tooth and a profile corrected tooth, The C-PROGRAM output file is converted to DXF file conversion...These models are imported to an analysis software ANSYS .for the proposed stress analysis. The comparisons are carried out for the standard spur gear tooth and the profile corrected spur tooth for various pressure angles.

Common-rail technology is intended to improve the pulverization process. Conventional direct injection diesel engines must repeatedly generate fuel pressure for each injection. But in the CRDI engines the pressure is built up independently of the injection sequence and remains permanently available in the fuel line. CRDI system that uses an ion sensor to provide real-time combustion data for each cylinder. The common rail upstream of the cylinders acts as an accumulator, distributing the fuel to the injectors at a constant pressure of up to 1600 bar. Here high-speed solenoid valves, regulated by the electronic engine management, separately control the injection timing and the amount of fuel injected for each cylinder as a function of the cylinder's actual need. In other words, pressure generation and fuel injection are independent of each other. This is an important advantage of common-rail injection over conventional fuel injection systems as CRDI increases the controllability of the individual injection processes and further refines fuel atomization, saving fuel and reducing emissions. Fuel economy of 25 to 35 % is obtained over a standard diesel engine and a substantial noise reduction is achieved due to a more synchronized timing operation. The principle of CRDI is also used in petrol engines as dealt with the GDI (Gasoline Direct Injection), which removes to a great extent the draw backs of the conventional carburetors and the MPFI systems.

This project work is dedicated to study the influence of welding process on mechanical properties (such as ultimate tensile strength, hardness, and impact toughness) of welded structural steel component. In this work three grades of welded structural steel have been developed by using three different grades of electrodes such as E7016, E7018 and E7024. Comparative study has been made between the three grades of welded structural steel work pieces. Nondestructive test methods are used to find the quality of the weld. There after mechanical properties have been evaluated experimentally by preparing all specimens as per the ASTM standards. Based on the results of the tests carried out on the welded specimen using the three different grades of electrodes it is observed that the structural steel welded using E7016 grade exhibits better mechanical properties and hence crack resisting capability or fracture toughness. The stress intensity factor for the structural steel welded using E7016 has been evaluated by using the data obtained from the fracture toughness test. The stress intensity factor thus obtained is validated by using FEM. Finally, mini hydraulic excavator bucket has been taken for the static stress analysis in the welded region.

This paper presents a Generalised Gaussian quadrature method for numerical integration over a circle bounded by the region are derived using transformation of variables, a general formula for integration over the above-mentioned region is provided. New Gaussian points and corresponding weights are calculated. The numerical evaluation of circle domain integrals of any arbitrary functions is illustrated with some numerical examples.